General
Precipitation and total quantity of water resources of China in 2017 were slightly more than normal,and storages of large and medium-sized reservoirs and lakes generally remained stable.Total water use in 2017 was basically the same as that in 2016.Water use efficiency was further improved,water use pattern was continuously optimized,water quality was improved to some extent,and wastewater discharge slightly decreased.
In 2017,the average precipitation in China was 664.8 mm,3.5%more than normal and 8.3%less than that in 2016.
Total quantity of water resources in China was 2,876.12 billion m3,3.8%more than normal.The quantity of surface water resources was 2,774.63 billion m3,the quantity of groundwater resources 830.96 billion m3,and the quantity of groundwater resources non-overlapping with surface water 101.49 billion m3.
The total water storage of 660 large-sized reservoirs and 3,547 medium-sized reservoirs in the country increased by 8.26 billion m3 in 2017.The year-end water storage of 56 lakes was 250 million m3 more than that at the beginning of the year.The storage of shallow groundwater decreased by 4.40 billion m3 in the groundwater exploitation areas of the northern plains.
Total water supply counted according to water sources and total water use counted according to users in China were both 604.34 billion m3,320 million m3 more than that in 2016.Surface water supply was 494.55 billion m3,groundwater supply 101.67 billion m3,and supply of other water sources 8.12 billion m3.Domestic water use was 83.81 billion m3,industrial water use 127.70 billion m3,agricultural water use 376.64 billion m3,and artificial ecological and environmental water supplement 16.19 billion m3.The total water consumption of China was 320.68 billion m3 and the total waste water discharge was 75.6 billion tons.
Per capita water use in China was 436 m3 and water use per 10,000 yuan of GDP (at current price) 73 m3.The irrigation water use per mu[1]of farmland was 377 m3 and the irrigation water efficiency coefficient was 0.548.The water use per 10,000 yuan of added industrial output value (at current price) was 45.6 m3.The per capita domestic water use in urban areas (including public water use) was 221 L/d and that in rural areas 87 L/d.Based on comparable price,the water uses per 10,000 yuan of GDP and added industrial output value decreased by 6.4%and 8.2%on the 2016 basis,respectively.
Evaluation was made for water quality of 245,000 km river reaches with 78.5%of them having a water quality of Classes Ⅰ-Ⅲ,for 123 lakes with 26.0%of them having a water quality of Classes Ⅰ-Ⅲ and 76.9%of them being in a eutrophic state,and for 1,064 reservoirs with 86.4%of them having a water quality of Classes Ⅰ-Ⅲand 27.1%of them being in a eutrophic state.The water quality compliance rate of the water function zones of rivers and lakes of national importance was 76.9%.Water quality of 544 river sections at provincial boundaries was evaluated,of which 67.0%had a water quality of ClassesⅠ-Ⅲ.
[1] ➊1 mu≈1/15 ha